Malaria Endemic to Health Using Mosquito as a Case Study in Relation to Insecticide Treated Nets

 Introduction

Malaria is an endemic disease that is resulting from the bite of a certain mosquito known as infected anopheles mosquitoes.

Malaria is also a bacteria disease that is commonly found in tropical countries. Malaria has been the commonest disease throughout the whole world according to statistics recorded in hospitals and medical centres. The disease causes period of fever and shivering when it attack human.

Mosquito have killed more than half of all humans who have ever lived. Even more than war, plague, famine and heart disease by transmitting malaria.  Mosquitoes have recorded cases anywhere from 1 to 2.7 million deaths each year. An expert said that if nothing is done about malaria,   the annual death toll cold in the next 20 years. Scientists are aggressively tackling the malaria problem transmitted by mosquitoes and indications are that we will soon turn the tables in our favour.  Let‘s take a look at some of the most promising possibilities.

            The government has tried in the recent years to distribute insecticide treated net control to control mosquitoes bite. A number of studies have demonstrated that the use of insecticide treated nets is effective in reducing malaria related morbidity and mortality for children 1-9 years of age was detected during the first year of the Gambian National Bed net Program.

 In kilifi District, Kenya, 33% reduction in hospital admissions for severe malaria was also found. Although these trials have demonstrated that insecticide treated net are effective malaria control strategy, there have been many challenges to insecticide net distribution, acceptance and utilization when trying to implement large-scale insecticide treated net  programs and getting knowledge about  the cause of  malaria and about the existence of insecticide treated was low in many malaria endemic communities. For those area which have been visited by publicity campaigns, high cost and lack of access were some of the reasons stated as to why insecticide treated net were not used. Since 1993, one of the Malian National Malaria Control Programs (NMCP) main objectives was to have 90% of net users in moptic region treating their bed nets with insecticide, but it has only achieved 10-30% usage rates to date (NMCP Unpublished data).

In the 2000, a household survey was conducted in four villages of moptic region in order to identify the barriers to insecticide treated net use. Although government media campaign about (ITNS) was highly variable among the four villages.

To help us survey some of these effects, we recruited the help of Professor Marcelo Jacobs Lovena of the malaria institute of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health; He is actively working on a cutting – edge solution that could make a profound impact in the struggle to rid the world of this blight. The part of the problem in dealing with mosquitoes is that both of their organisms are incredibly resilient.

Mosquitoes are proving to be a rather hearty species, exhibiting a remarkable resilience when hit with drugs and insecticides. As a result of this kinds of interventions are proving insufficient and malaria is even worse. According to Jacobs Lovena, no one has created a vaccine largely on account of hyper adaptability to human immune system. In Africa the result of the study which involved over 15,000 children shoved that the vaccine can offer promotion against both clinical and serves malaria. Scientists are also working on other strategies including efforts to reduce mosquitoes’’ population.

Causative Agent / Vector.

Malaria is caused by plasmodium species (spp).

Mode of Transmission.

Their mode of transmission is by feeding. The parasite is transferred to human through the bite of infected mosquitoes. There are four type of mosquitoes, but not all transferred malaria. They are as listed below;

Ø  Aedes

Ø  Anopheles

Ø  Colex

Ø  Mansoni

The main one that causes malaria is the anopheles mosquitoes.

Incubation Period

Normally the incubation period is 0 – 7 days.

Signs & Symptoms.

Headache

Prevention/ Control Measure

Carryout effective environmental sanitation

           

Conclusion: - Insecticide treated net must be treated by household by treating their nets with insecticides and significantly higher levels of knowledge about malaria and its prevention. It is highly important to health educate individual about malaria and to prevent net impregnated services with limited resources, greater accessibility to net- impregnated service is necessary, but not sufficient to increase insecticides treated nets uses.

Recommendation.

Malaria can be war against by the following procedure:-

ü   Carrying out proper and sanitary environmental sanitation, to control breeding of mosquitoes which are liable to cause malaria. 

ü  By using environmental  dangerous chemicals, such as DDT

ü  By the use of bed net or insecticides treated nets

ü  Also with the use of sprayers to interfering with their life cycle. The liquid form is very thin surface film, disrupting mosquito reproduction. Pupae in water all die within two hours of the liquid being sprayed, while liquid being sprayed, none of the larva get to advance to the pupa stage. The films also prevent mosquitoes from laying their eggs in the water this product is called Agustain AMF.